Diseño de corredores ecológicos para el oso de anteojos en el nororiente del Ecuador utilizando modelamiento matemático
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37135/ns.01.16.01Palabras clave:
corredor, ecológico, Maxent, oso anteojos, modeloResumen
El oso de anteojos (Tremarctos ornatus) nativo de los Andes es una especie catalogada como vulnerable según la lista roja de especies amenazadas. En el Ecuador, esta especie se ve en peligro debido a la fragmentación de su hábitat provocado por el cambio de uso y cobertura del suelo. Una estrategia para la conservación de esta especie es el diseño de corredores ecológicos que permitan mejorar la movilidad entre diferentes áreas protegidas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue aplicar modelos matemáticos en el diseño de corredores ecológicos que favorezcan la movilidad del oso de anteojos entre el área del Parque Nacional Cayambe-Coca y la Reserva Ecológica Antisana, ubicadas al nororiente del Ecuador. Con la aplicación del modelo Maxent se determinó la distribución potencial del hábitat del oso andino en el área de estudio. Luego, se utilizó el algoritmo Random Forest para clasificar una imagen satelital y generar el mapa de uso y cobertura del suelo para el año 2020, la clasificación obtuvo un coeficiente kappa de 0.87. Finalmente, el modelo de ruta de menor costo (LCP) de Dijkstra se ejecutó con base en seis variables (altitud; pendiente; distancia a vías; distancia a centros poblados; mapa de uso del suelo; mapa de distribución potencial de hábitat). Esto permitió delinear tres potenciales corredores de conectividad de hábitat para el oso de anteojos. Los resultados nos indican que el método propuesto es suficientemente robusto y podría usarse también para otras especies en peligro y en otras zonas donde se requiera estudiar la conectividad entre hábitats.
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