El complejo de Vaska y la química organometálica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37135/ns.01.05.10Palabras clave:
Catalizadores, complejo de Vaska, organoiridio, química organometálicaResumen
En 1961, Lauri Vaska y John W. DiLuzio publicaban un importante trabajo en el área de los complejos organoiridio, la síntesis y caracterización del trans-clorocarbonilbis (trifenilfosfina-κP) iridio(I), trans-[IrCl(CO)(PPh3)2], un compuesto que presentó actividad en la reacción de hidrogenación catalítica de olefinas y acetilenos. Este compuesto, conocido como “complejo de Vaska”, ha venido ofreciendo importantes oportunidades en química organometálica y en química orgánica, debido a sus aplicaciones en reacciones catalíticas que permiten transformar grupos funcionales, punto de partida de la síntesis de nuevas sustancias de interés farmacéutico, tecnológico e industrial. Una revisión desarrollada sobre la literatura científica confirma la importancia del complejo de Vaska en varias reacciones de la catálisis homogénea, bifásica y asimétrica. Adicionalmente, la posibilidad de incorporar nuevos ligandos, genera una serie de novedosos complejos análogos del tipo trans-[MCl(CO)L2] (M = Ir(I) o Rh(I), L = ligandos organofosforados complejos), que tienen aplicaciones en la ciencia de los materiales, la nanoquímica y, especialmente, en aplicaciones dirigidas a la biomedicina. A sesenta años del descubrimiento del trans-[IrCl(CO)(PPh3)2], quedan muchas posibilidades por explorar, y aún se generan expectativas en investigación y desarrollo de compuestos organoiridio.
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