Generación de energía eléctrica y tratamiento de aguas residuales mediante celdas de combustible microbianas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37135/ns.01.07.10Palabras clave:
Agua residual, bioelectricidad, celdas de combustible microbianas, electrodos, energía eléctrica, microorganismosResumen
El agua es el recurso vital para los seres vivos, sin embargo, durante los últimos años su calidad se ha deteriorado convirtiéndose en un problema de contaminación a nivel mundial. Por otro lado, la crisis energética no permite que la población tenga una buena calidad de vida, lo que detiene de cierta manera, el desarrollo. Debido a ello, se requiere opciones para el tratamiento de agua residual y generación de energía eléctrica, siendo las celdas de combustible microbianas (MFCs, por sus siglas en inglés) una tecnología emergente que ha permitido una alianza entre las dos problemáticas. Las MFCs, aprovechan el metabolismo de las bacterias para el tratamiento de agua residual generando a su vez energía. En la presente obra se realiza una revisión, en base a investigaciones recientes, de los aspectos más importantes que rigen el funcionamiento de las MFCs, tales como clasificación, componentes, mecanismos de funcionamiento, actividad microbiana y material de electrodos. A partir del análisis de la información recolectada, se puede concluir que la generación de bioelectricidad a partir del tratamiento de aguas residuales es posible con esta tecnología que ha tomado mucha fuerza en los últimos años con resultados alentadores.
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