COVID-2019: Una revisión de la nueva crisis pandémica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37135/ns.01.06.01Palabras clave:
Cloroquina, COVID-19, pandemia, remdesivir, SARS-CoV-2Resumen
La pandemia del COVID-19, causada por el nuevo coronavirus 2019-nCoV y responsable del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo por coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), constituye un punto de inflexión en la historia humana. La patogenicidad del virus y su capacidad para crear rápidamente una infección generalizada con graves consecuencias y alta mortalidad, justifican la adopción de medidas extraordinarias de prevención y control. Las tasas de infección por COVID-19 están en constante evolución, y es muy difícil predecir el comportamiento de la enfermedad, en consecuencia, se requiere el desarrollo urgente de nuevos fármacos o la reutilización de medicamentos conocidos. A pesar de que es un proceso complejo y que las pruebas clínicas tienen graves implicaciones bioéticas, la investigación sigue avanzando, el sector científico está produciendo resultados de calidad, entre ellos el primer antiviral aprobado contra el SARS-CoV-2, el Veklury® o remdesivir. Existen muchos otros agentes terapéuticos en investigación, y se hacen grandes esfuerzos por obtener una posible vacuna. En este artículo se hace una revisión sistemática de (1) las pandemias a lo largo de la historia, (2) la descripción del nuevo coronavirus 2019-nCoV, (3) los mecanismos de trasmisión, (4) las pruebas de diagnóstico, (5) algunos de los fármacos que se están probando (cloroquina, lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirina, favipiravir, oseltamivir), (6) agentes inmunomoduladores (tocilizumab, anakinra interferones, transfusiones de plasma), (7) agentes coadyuvantes (azitromicina, corticosteroides, mesilato de camostat) y, finalmente, (8) la situación en que se encuentra el desarrollo de una posible vacuna.
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