Mejoras al desempeño energético en edificaciones abordando los desafíos actuales del lado de la demanda: Una revisión de contribuciones de Latinoamérica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37135/ns.01.06.10Palabras clave:
Desempeño energético de edificios, eficiencia energética, lado de la demanda, Latinoamérica, uso de la energíaResumen
Debido a la actual crisis energética mundial y como resultado de los acuerdos de las naciones participantes, se han establecido medidas por las Naciones Unidas para superar los desafíos relacionados. A pesar de los esfuerzos para incluir a los países subdesarrollados en dicho proceso de decisión, la mayoría de las contribuciones continúan estando inclinadas al hemisferio norte. Así, este trabajo se enfoca en destacar los esfuerzos realizados por los países Latinoamericanos (LA), entre 2018-2020, para contribuir específicamente en las mejoras en el desempeño energético en edificaciones para abordar los desafíos actuales del lado de la demanda. Dichos desafíos están relacionados con la gestión de la demanda: (i) picos de demanda no controlados y (ii) capacidad de transmisión y distribución insuficiente en la red eléctrica. Las contribuciones de LA se clasifican en independientes, colaboración y aplicación. Los estudios también se clasificaron en teóricos, experimentales, ambos y revisiones. La metodología de filtrado de dos etapas implementada dio como resultado un total de 176 documentos como lista inicial. Al centrarse sólo en los aspectos relacionados con los ocupantes, las soluciones pasivas y de bajo consumo y las técnicas de previsión para edificios inteligentes, la lista procesada resultó en un total de 73 estudios. Los resultados mostraron que los esfuerzos realizados por los países LA residen en su mayoría en la implementación de estrategias previamente desarrolladas y propuestas por países desarrollados, para realizar estudios de caso como independiente o en colaboración. Finalmente, se presenta un análisis de fortalezas, oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas (FODA) para explicar los resultados obtenidos.
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