Water balance and drought in Pinus hartwegii Lindl: ecohydrological assessment using satellite data in high mountain forest ecosystems of Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37135/ns.01.18.06Keywords:
Climate change, Allometric equations, Ecohydrological assessment, NDVI, Pinus hartwegiiAbstract
The objective was to evaluate the anthropogenic influence on underground water systems by quantifying water balance and drought patterns in georeferenced polygons containing Pinus hartwegii Lindl. trees. Using INFyS-SiBiFor databases from the states of Mexico and Puebla, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated using Landsat 8 and GEE satellite data to assess vegetation health and density. The average equivalent thickness of groundwater was determined using GRACE. Linear regression models were fitted to predict timber volumes using allometric equations, NDVI, and GRACE as independent variables. Based on environmental conditions established by CHIRPS climate databases in GEE, these models were evaluated to estimate the relationship between volumetric increment and infiltration in the study areas. GRACE data indicate groundwater ranges of -0.78 to 0.57. NDVI values close to 0.80 indicate dense, healthy vegetation, 0.0 indicates areas impacted by human activities, and negative values indicate areas without vegetation. The amorphous polygons Puebla 1 and Mexico 6 belong to subgroup A, while Mexico 2 and Mexico 4 belong to subgroup B. These areas are located at 3300 m and experience more intense, warmer droughts, with up to a 70% reduction in area due to increased temperatures from climate change. Puebla 4 and Mexico 3 are grouped, with higher groundwater levels. Puebla 4 shows lower tree density than Puebla 1, due to environmental or human factors. Human activities have prolonged droughts, increased their intensity and uncertainty, and significantly reduced runoff in the Xilin River basin.
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References
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