Modelamiento exponencial predictivo del campo electromagnético RF generado por estaciones base celulares en un entorno universitario
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37135/ns.01.18.09Palabras clave:
Antenas celulares, Campo eléctrico, Modelamiento matemático, Modelo predictivo, Radiación electromagnéticaResumen
El acelerado crecimiento de las telecomunicaciones móviles ha incrementado la densidad de radio bases en entornos urbanos y educativos, generando inquietudes sobre los posibles efectos de la exposición prolongada a campos electromagnéticos, esta situación plantea la necesidad de desarrollar estudios locales que cuantifiquen y predigan los niveles de radiación en contextos específicos, por lo cual se aplicó una metodología cuantitativa de tipo cuasi experimental, estructurada en cinco fases: planificación, recolección de datos empíricos, procesamiento, modelado matemático y validación estadística. Las mediciones se realizaron durante 34 días utilizando los equipos Narda SRM-3006 y EME Spy-200, en diferentes franjas horarias y distancias respecto a las antenas. Los datos fueron procesados con el software R, empleando pruebas estadísticas y modelos de regresión lineal, logarítmico y exponencial. Los resultados evidenciaron que la intensidad del campo eléctrico disminuye de manera exponencial al aumentar la distancia, con un coeficiente de determinación (R² = 0.8844), validando el modelo exponencial como el de mejor ajuste. Además, los valores medidos se encontraron muy por debajo de los límites establecidos por la Comisión Internacional de Protección contra Radiaciones No Ionizantes (ICNIRP), confirmando condiciones seguras de exposición. Se concluye que el modelo desarrollado constituye una herramienta científica confiable para evaluar y predecir niveles de radiación electromagnética en entornos educativos y urbanos. Su aplicación permite optimizar la ubicación de antenas, mejorar la gestión del espectro radioeléctrico y fortalecer la planificación tecnológica sostenible. Este trabajo aporta evidencia empírica relevante y un marco metodológico replicable para futuras investigaciones sobre radiación no ionizante y seguridad ambiental.
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